Which procedure replaces part of the skull with an artificial plate?

• A. Burr holes
• B. Craniotomy
• C. Craniectomy
• D. Cranioplasty

Answer: (D)

Cranioplasty is the procedure that replaces part of the skull with an artificial plate. After brain swelling has subsided following a craniectomy, surgeons reconstruct the skull by placing a biocompatible implant—often titanium, acrylic, or other materials—to cover the defect, protect the brain, and restore contour and function. Burr holes are small openings made to access or relieve pressure; a craniotomy involves removing a bone flap to access the brain and typically replaces the bone afterward; craniectomy specifically means removing a portion of the skull and not replacing it immediately. Thus, replacing the skull with an artificial plate is cranioplasty.